John Langdon Haydon Down (1828–96)

Physician. Studied at the London Hospital; MB 1858; MD 1859; assistant physician, 1859. MRCP 1859; FRCP 1869. Established a private home for mentally handicapped people at Normansfield, Hampton Wick, in 1868. Best known for his recognition of the "Mongol" as a distinct type of idiot; the condition was later known as Down’s syndrome. Changed his surname by deed poll to Langdon-Down.