Benjamin Apthorp Gould (1824–96)

American astronomer. Graduated from Harvard in 1844, and became master of the Roxbury Latin School. Studied in Europe, 1845–8; PhD in astronomy, Göttingen, 1848. Worked for the US coast survey, 1852–67; director of the Dudley Observatory, Albany, New York, 1855–9. Actuary for the US Sanitary Commission during the Civil War; drew up a series of observations on characteristics of members of the Union forces, later published as Investigations in the military and anthropological statistics of American soldiers (1869).