Edward Cardwell, 1st Viscount Cardwell (1813–86)

Politician. Liberal MP for Oxford City, 1853–74. Secretary of state for war, 1868–74; carried out wide-ranging army reforms, including, in 1871, the abolition of the purchase of commissions. Created Viscount Cardwell of Ellerbeck, 1874. Chairman of the Royal Commission on the practice of subjecting live animals to experiments for scientific purposes, 1875.