Joseph Chamberlain (1836–1914)

Industrialist and politician. Built up a very successful screw-manufacturing business in Birmingham, 1854–74. Mayor of Birmingham, 1873–6; MP for Birmingham, 1876–85; Birmingham West, 1885–1914. President of the Board of Trade, 1880–5; president of the Local Government Board, 1886; secretary of state for the colonies, 1895–1903; leader of the opposition in the Commons, 1906.