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From:
Joseph Dalton Hooker
To:
Charles Robert Darwin
Date:
10 July 1856
Source of text:
DAR 100: 96–9
Summary:

[T. Bell Salter’s?] "hybrid" Epilobium a false claim.

Admires Huxley’s response to Falconer [see 1904].

Tristan da Cunha plant list, requested by CD, supports JDH’s position [on continental extension?].

Chilean plants not exceptional.

JDH considers parallels between Australian Alps and European plants strong evidence for multiple creations.

Contributor:
Darwin Correspondence Project
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From:
Charles Robert Darwin
To:
Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:
13 July [1856]
Source of text:
DAR 114: 169
Summary:

Has found no case of Huxley’s eternal hermaphrodites.

Cruelty and waste in nature.

CD does not believe in hybrids.

One proven case of multiple creations would smash CD’s theory.

Asks JDH to read MS on alpine and Arctic distribution.

Lyell’s "conversion" to mutability.

Contributor:
Darwin Correspondence Project
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From:
Samuel Pickworth Woodward
To:
Charles Robert Darwin
Date:
15 July 1856
Source of text:
DAR 205.3: 304
Summary:

Has reduced 20 Cyrena species to geographical varieties of one species, Cyrena fluminalis. Hooker is reducing Indian flora at the rate of 19 to 1.

Recommends W. H. Harvey’s Seaside book [1849] and Charles Pickering’s Races of man [1850].

Contributor:
Darwin Correspondence Project
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From:
Samuel Pickworth Woodward
To:
Charles Robert Darwin
Date:
[15 July 1856]
Source of text:
DAR 205.3: 305
Summary:

Lists Lusitanian shells with wide ranges beyond that geographical province.

Antiquity and elevation of land mass is more important than latitude for the distribution of shells.

Contributor:
Darwin Correspondence Project
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From:
John Richardson
To:
Charles Robert Darwin
Date:
17 July 1856
Source of text:
DAR 205.3: 285
Summary:

Responds to CD’s questions about the geographical distribution of freshwater fishes.

Contributor:
Darwin Correspondence Project
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From:
Charles Robert Darwin
To:
Samuel Pickworth Woodward
Date:
18 July 1856
Source of text:
DAR 148: 378
Summary:

Thanks for information about variability in shells.

Comments on Harvey’s Seaside book [1849].

"I am growing as bad as the worst about species and hardly have a vestige of belief in the permanence of species left in me".

Contributor:
Darwin Correspondence Project
From:
Charles Robert Darwin
To:
Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:
19 July [1856]
Source of text:
DAR 114: 171
Summary:

Multiple creations.

Necessity for crossing in plants and animals: JDH to take up the subject; explains separate sexes in trees.

Continental extensions.

Contributor:
Darwin Correspondence Project
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From:
Charles Robert Darwin
To:
Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:
30 July [1856]
Source of text:
DAR 114: 172, 165, and 167
Summary:

CD’s predicament with continental extensions: they would remove argument for multiple creations, yet he opposes the doctrine. Lyell will not express an opinion on this.

Lyell fears mutability would lead to more specific names.

Encloses copy of letters to Lyell [1910 and 1917].

Contributor:
Darwin Correspondence Project
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From:
Asa Gray
To:
Charles Robert Darwin
Date:
[early Aug 1856]
Source of text:
DAR 165: 93
Summary:

Believes intermediate varieties are generally less numerous in individuals than the two states that they connect.

Discusses the difficulties of deciding what is the typical form of a species

and gives some opinions on the variability of introduced species compared with indigenous species.

Contributor:
Darwin Correspondence Project
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From:
John Stevens Henslow
To:
Charles Robert Darwin
Date:
2 Aug 1856
Source of text:
DAR 166: 178
Summary:

One plant in self-sown patch of Aegilops has assumed a triticoidal character; JSH feels it may be an example of Aegilops passing to wheat.

Contributor:
Darwin Correspondence Project
From:
Joseph Dalton Hooker
To:
Charles Robert Darwin
Date:
4 Aug 1856
Source of text:
DAR 100: 100–4
Summary:

JDH’s arguments against transmutation: 1. Plants do not show the confusion he would expect; 2. Under clearly similar physical conditions we do not find same species.

JDH’s argument against migration: commonality of alpine species. Believes migration opposes facts of botanical distribution in Van Diemen’s Land and New Zealand; prefers continental extension theory.

Contributor:
Darwin Correspondence Project
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From:
Charles Robert Darwin
To:
Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:
5 Aug [1856]
Source of text:
DAR 114: 173
Summary:

Agrees that Lyell’s letters shed no new light on extensions issue. Continental extensions: opposes their being hypothesised all over world.

Commonality of alpine plants damns both extension and migration.

Contributor:
Darwin Correspondence Project
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From:
Charles Robert Darwin
To:
John Stevens Henslow
Date:
6 Aug [1856]
Source of text:
DAR 93: A55–A56
Summary:

Reports on results of forcing and other attempts to produce variations in plants. Asks for some seeds.

Is correcting his Linnean Society paper ["On the action of sea-water", Collected papers 1: 264–71].

Contributor:
Darwin Correspondence Project
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From:
Charles Robert Darwin
To:
Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:
7 Aug [1856]
Source of text:
DAR 114: 174
Summary:

Antarctic plants most difficult to account for on any theory. Lyell’s iceberg transportal of seeds.

Are there more representative species of American origin in Tristan da Cunha than in Kerguelen land?

Contributor:
Darwin Correspondence Project
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From:
Charles Robert Darwin
To:
Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:
26 [July 1856]
Source of text:
DAR 114: 175
Summary:

Tristan da Cunha flora.

Aquatic plants.

Density and diversity of plants in small plots in Kent, Keeling Islands, and Himalayas.

Contributor:
Darwin Correspondence Project
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From:
Charles Robert Darwin
To:
John Lubbock, 4th baronet and 1st Baron Avebury
Date:
5 Sept [1856]
Source of text:
DAR 263: 9 (EH 88206458)
Summary:

Quotes passage from [Frédéric?] Gerard on distribution of certain Lepidoptera.

Contributor:
Darwin Correspondence Project
From:
Charles Robert Darwin
To:
Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:
8 Sept [1856]
Source of text:
DAR 114: 176
Summary:

Whether or not there should be movement of particles according to Tyndall’s theory of glacial action ["Observations on glaciers", Not. Proc. R. Inst. G. B. 2: 54–8, 441–3].

CD subscribes to H. C. Sorby’s view of gneiss [Edinburgh New Philos. J. 55 (1853): 137–50].

Seed-salting.

Pigeons.

Significant differences in skeletons of domesticated rabbits.

Contributor:
Darwin Correspondence Project
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From:
Peter Wallace
To:
Charles Robert Darwin
Date:
10 Sept 1856
Source of text:
DAR 205.2: 261
Summary:

Reports on the naturalised animal life of Ascension.

Contributor:
Darwin Correspondence Project
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From:
Jean Aimé Victor (Victor) de Robillard
To:
Charles Robert Darwin
Date:
20 Sept 1856
Source of text:
DAR 205.3: 286
Summary:

C. T. Beke has communicated to the Mauritius Natural History Society a letter he received from CD. VdeR attempts to answer questions on transport of seeds by the ocean.

Contributor:
Darwin Correspondence Project
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From:
Asa Gray
To:
Charles Robert Darwin
Date:
23 Sept 1856
Source of text:
DAR 165: 94
Summary:

Plants that are social in the U. S. but are not so in the Old World.

Distribution of U. S. species common to Europe.

Gives Theodor Engelmann’s opinion on the relative variability of indigenous and introduced plants and notes the effects of man’s settlement on the numbers and distribution of indigenous plants.

Contributor:
Darwin Correspondence Project
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