Confined to his house for the last three weeks but almost recovered. [Liverpool Botanic Garden] has purchased [Thomas] Velley's herbarium, including his marine specimens. Asks if his "Rocket against the French botanists" [paper comparing systems of Linnaeus and Jussieu, see RelatedMaterial below] has been read yet; thinks he can now fully explain the distinction between a natural and artificial system; wishes the animosities between Britain and France could be confined "within such harmless limits" but the business of "cutting throats" now seems to be a permanent state of society. Published some brief observations on speech by Lord [Thomas] Grey [de Wilton, 1st Earl of Wilton (1749-1814)] and has collected his political tracts into a volume, will send copies for Smith, William Taylor, John Taylor, and Samuel Taylor.

[Liverpool Botanic] Garden flourishes; [John] Shepherd [(c 1764-1836, curator Liverpool Botanic Garden] has "collected more plants than he cou[l]d probably have done in a voyage round the world". Sorry to hear that so many of the country's finest [plant] collections are being broken up and dispersed; symptomatic of the state of the nation led by ministers who "ride it like an ass, with nails for spurs, & a bludgeon for a whip".

Notes that his his paper on classification [see RelatedMaterial below] has been read at Linnean Society; confident his principles are correct, and confirmed by Smith's assent, but could have given better examples. Critiques Count [Johann Centurius] Hoffmannsegg's [(1766-1849), naturalist] "Flore Portugaise" [(1809-1840)], which quotes Smith; plates coloured well but the system shows need to adhere to an established plan of arrangement so botanists can understand each other; discusses further.

Expecting his copy of Smith's "Tour of Hafod". He has been devising a method for putting an "effectual end to the African slave trade" and also looking into the state of the arts during the Middle Ages for a memoir. Looking forward to Smith's Lancashire visit.

Comments on plans for establishment of botanic garden in Norwich and assures Smith that establishment of such a place is achievable on almost any scale; explains Liverpool Botanic Garden financing and costs. A garden is also being established at Hull; believes that "the union of science & pleasure which these institutions afford to the inhabitants of large towns" will lead to their being generally adopted. Congratulates Smith's mother, happy to hear of [William Fitt] Drake's good fortune. His son James just returned from tour of Scotland.

Replies to Smith's letter of 15 December [1810]. Seldom sees [Dawson] Turner since leaving Bungay, [Suffolk]; has made observations on Turner's 'Fucus simpliciusculus' and its resemblance to his 'Ulva decorticata'; notes. Comments that Turner's work ["Fucus sive plantarum fucorum"] seems to relax as it approaches its end; a number has not come out for two months; criticises its unpleasant arrangement.

"Most severe loss" to Linnean Society and students of natural history all over the world in death [Jonas] Dryander; repsumes [Robert] Brown will succeed him at Sir Joseph Banks'. Death of Windham and the loss to residents of Earsham, [Norfolk]; obituaries.

[Letter incomplete: lower third of second folio cropped, presumed destroyed]

Account of the dinner at Somerset House [home of the Royal Academy] at which the Prince Regent [George IV (1762-1830)] was present and made a speech in which he pledged himself to support the arts, and in which he praised the exhibition and artists, including [Benjamin] West [(1738-1820), painter and president of the Royal Academy 1806-1820]; West's speech kept them in "agony".

His first two lectures "more splendidly & fully attended" than any he ever had; they are held on Mondays and Tuesdays. London meetings. Consulted by Mrs J Lane about an abridgement of Gibbon she has in hand. Wearing mourning for T Smith; surprise at suddenness of Leyson Cooper's death. [William] Roscoe may be coming to the Installation and to Holkham, [Norfolk]. Bishop of Durham [Shute Barrington] to become Honorary Member of the Linnean Society.

Has not written since 29 April [1811]. Her manuscript is at Longman's, no answer as yet. Hopes her parents are recovering their health. Journal type entries of his dinners and meetings in London. His "Hafod Tour" may pay its expenses, but no more, for this year at least. The Dilettanti club rejected him and everyone else proposed last year, though he had the fewest black balls.

[William Fitt] Drake working "diligently & extremely well" for the "Cyclopedia", a great help to him. Dr [Martin] Davy of Caius [College, Cambridge] is married, so does not expect an invitation to the installation, but he is coming to London 24 May; will come out of mourning but return to it the next day for George W. Attended parties at Mrs Weddell's, and Sir Joseph Banks', [Richard] Salisbury also in attendance, the first party he has met him at since they separated. Dined at William Smith's. His next lecture to be very general, "on the parts & structure of plants".

[Letter incomplete: second folio cropped, presumed destroyed]

Ill-health. Account of a visit to Kew; party at C Scott's; Linnean Society anniversary meeting, at which [Richard] Salisbury voted, and who is now "more troublesome by civility & deference" in botanical conversation; [Edward] Rudge suspected of stealing specimens from Sir Joseph Banks; concerned by progress of "Cyclopedia"; dined at William Smith's; dined at [Aylmer Bourke] Lambert's, where he met Mr and Mrs Cator, who have papers of Peter Collinson's [(1694-1768)]; gave his last lecture, much applauded; breakfast with William Roscoe and [William Jackson] Hooker; a visit to Westminster Abbey with William Smith and the Miss Smiths; Thomas Forster; rejected papers of Rudge's as they were designed to "plague" [Robert] Brown and were instigated by [Richard] Salisbury; visited Lady Cremorne at Chelsea, her character; Bishop of Winchester [Brownlow North]; the Jones's; the Fairbairns; Sir Thomas and Lady Cullum; at the Davenports' met Henry Warburton [(1784-1858), merchant]. Their cousin William Daniel has sent his "picturesque book on animals".

Pleased at account of her mother's recovery. Has not seen his cousin [Richard] Westall's [(1765-1836), painter] illustrations of [Walter] Scott's [(1771-1832), author] works yet. [Richard] Salisbury has been "thrusting himself forward" to talk with himself and [William Jackson] Hooker at Sir Joseph Banks'; Banks gave Salisbury a "rough rub" about changing plant names.

Received £66 16s for his lectures and expenses. Account of his journey to Westhorp [Kindersley home, Smith's cousins] and description of the setting and house; Sir George Nugent [(1757-1849), army officer] visited yesterday. Their future plans, including visits to Hall Place [home of Sir William and Lady East]. Accounts she has of the King [George III (1738-1820)] exaggerated, at least to his dying. Dinners at William Smith's with Hooker; Bishop of Winchester's [Brownlow North]; [Alexander] Macleay's, with food and drink listed; [William George] Maton's; account of visit to Formosa, an island in the Thames owned by Mr Young.

Received Smith's letter of 25 April. Expecting to leave [India] in two years and will bring with him a large collection, although it will not be as interesting as the one from Nepal. His collection of fish is more curious and increasing rapidly, has been unable to trace more than a few in Lacépède. This year is working in the Bhagalpur district of India. A squabble the previous year between the British and Nepalese governments has prevented him from obtaining seeds and flowering specimens of the officinal plants of the Indian Alps. Has managed to procure specimens of one genus, similar to 'Caltha', two species used for medicinal purposes and resemble either the 'Ranunculus arvensis' or 'Ranunculus acris', and another species which is one of the most violent poisons known in India and is used by the natives on their arrows.

Refrained from writing to Smith assuming he would hear his news through Liverpool Botanic Garden. Sending 25 specimens of plants to [William] Roscoe. Plans to travel another 1100 miles up the [Missouri], according to General Clark it is "peculiarly interesting". Recommends Smith examine a specimen of a pouched rat sent to Lord Hawley, possibly 'Mus bursorius', comments on the construction of the mouth, which resembles 'Arctomys'. Has found a 'Talpa' not dissimilar to 'Talpa europaea', and many undescribed 'Coluber' and a 'Crotatus'. His most interesting specimen is the 'Dioeica octandria' shrub which has a "much esteemed berry". Hopes to meet Smith on his return to England. In the most recent 200 miles of his journey has found more British 'Carices' than he has ever seen before in America and has now seen c 26 species of 'Carex'.

Has heard from Sir Thomas Frankland that Smith has been ill and hopes it has now improved. Puzzled by [Dawson] Turner's long silence in response to many letters, hopes he is not in ill health. Believes 'Borreri minima' should be renamed 'Borreri nupar' and believes it is a distinct species.

"Nothing more flattering" to the Linnean Society than being permitted to enrol the Prince Regent [George IV (1762-1830)] as an Honorary Member. Accepted his own invitation to become an Honoary Member from respect he bears the Society and for feeling it did not imply the slightest degree of botanical knowledge; considers Fellowship in a different point of view.

Delayed sending 'Lichen scaber' till Smith was in London; asks for any news of publication of his paper on subject.

[Spec 11 written in pencil at top of verso of first folio]

Thanks for letter acknowledging receipt of 'Lichen scaber'; sends further specimen of it with a different kind of fructification [extant]

Specimen labelled "'Lichen scaber' with roughish warts H[ugh] D[avies]".

Received roots and specimens of Smith's Norfolk elm, which he thinks comes closer to 'glabra'; can get naturalised Dutch elm for "English botany". Believes Lord Moira [Francis Edward Rawdon-Hastings, 1st Marquess of Hastings (1754-1826)] will not be troublesome concerning the Prince Regent, as he has already agreed to become Linnean Society patron. Benjamin [Forster] adamant that he did not criticise "Flora Britannica"; only lamented delay of fourth volume.

Signed [William Fitt] Drake's Linnean Society nomination certificate and sent on to [Aylmer Bourke] Lambert. Just received [William Jackson] Hooker's "interesting" work on Iceland ["Journal of a tour in Iceland" (1809)]. Sent oysters.

Received Smith's letter of 24 April [1810]. Suffering from severe headaches, for which he has just returned from a retreat in the upper provinces; was unable to pursue any natural history inclinations and has become a "much worse botanist" than when he left England; preparing to visit the Cape [of Good Hope] or St Helena for the headaches, and will also visit England if they persist. Whilst at Cawnpore found 'Rhododendrun boorans' for Calcutta Botanic Garden and Marquis of Blandford [George Spencer-Churchill]; [William] Roxburgh sending drawing taken from dried specimen. Also found: 'Berberris ilicifolia', 'Rubus' with yellow fruit, a 'Quercus', 'Pinus longifolia', and a 'Betula'. Transplanted a tree from Cawnpore to Calcutta Botanic Garden, Roxburgh thinks it a 'Humea'; observations.

Has a specimen of 'Breccia' or pudding stone, a mineral, for Sir Joseph Banks. Pleased to hear of Banks' desire to establish a Botanic Garden at Ceylon. Concerned to hear of [Robert] Brown's desertion of the Linnaean School.

Left Bengal for restoration of his health and long abscence from that climate. Intends to tour the island and examine its natural productions. Sent a cabinet of insects of Bengal and surrounding sea coasts for the Linnean Society; details concerning its delivery. Intends to stay on Mauritius for 4 months before going on to Cape [of Good Hope], and may be in England next summer. Observations on climate. Accompanied by Captain Roughsedge of Liverpool.

Happy to hear of Smith's health, hope he can keep in advance of [Abraham] Rees' "amazing rate" [for "Cyclopedia"]. Declines undertaking publication of "Correspondence of Linnaeus" for present on account of unfavourable times, does not expect Smith would find success with another publisher. Editorial advice should Smith proceed with publication.