JDH informs his Mother, Maria Hooker, that at Cape of Good Hope he has got many letters & affectionate tokens from her. JDH has sent home Davis' circumpolar chart showing the expedition route. JDH has not been to Cape Town yet as he has no good clothes. The only 'society' is the crew of the Flag ship. Simon's Bay village has provided some fresh supplies. Letter continues under date 29 Apr 1843 with excuses for delay &again under date 12 May 1843 having left Simon's Bay. Describes trip from Simon's Bay to Cape Town on a bullock wagon road, includes a small sketch illustration of a wagon driver in typical hat. The route encompassed False Bay, Cape Flats, oak plantations at the foot of Muysenberg [Muizenberg] Mountain, view of Table Mt, David's Mt & the area beyond known in South Africa as 'Hottentots Holland', Wynberg village, an estate called 'Paradise', & 'Feldhauzen' where John Herschell catalogued the southern hemisphere stars. Comments on Herschell calling the Ross Antarctic Expedition 'the folorn hope of Science'. En Route to Cape Town also went through Rondenbosch village, over the slopes of Devils Mt & saw the view of Table Bay with the Royal Observatory & shipwreck. Describes the 'wretched' view of Cape Town flanked by Lion & Devils Mountain. Describes Cape Town itself: the houses, streets, castle & street sellers. The library & Baron Ludwig's Gardens are its only redeeming features. JDH briefly met Mr Jadine. JDH is dismissive of the 'ugly fir trees' in the town. Describes the Cape Town people: African-born Dutch known as 'Africandoes', Malay, Indian soldiers & Merchant Navy sailors. Recounts his visit to Baron Ludwig, Ludwig's current situation, health & house. Ludwig has replaced William Jackson Hooker's portrait with William of Wurtemberg, but still has the copy of Peter Schlemihl from JDH's grandfather. This letter will go from St Helena. Discusses his mother taking up music again & the singing talents of other family members. Writes about 'Betsy'.

JDH has received a letter from his Grandfather, Dawson Tuner, dated Feb 1842. He apologises for not writing sooner, but Turner will have seen other family letters from JDH. Regrets Turner has been ill. Has heard from Aunt Elizabeth [Palgrave nee Turner] about Hannah [Brightwen nee Turner's] marriage & Ellen [Eleanor Jane Jacobson nee Tuner's] children & Gurney [Turner's] prospects. JDH & Gurney are both surgeons with military commissions & JDH sympathises with Gurney's need to travel & support himself. JDH hopes Dawson Turner junior finds a job more fitting to his education than teaching. Regrets that Uncle [Francis] Palgrave was rejected for Town Clerkship of London. He does not have recent news of his family & has to read about them in the 'Red Book'. He does not know why his father, William Jackson Hooker, is not listed as Director of RBG Kew or indeed in any position under the Commissioner of Woods & Forests. JDH believes John Smith is Kew's head gardener. JDH tells his Grandfather how he has found the Antarctic Expedition, Captain Ross has been very considerate, JDH likes life on ship but prefers being in harbour & would not spend more summers in the Antarctic ice because of the monotony & discomfort with no chances to make natural history collections as there is in the Arctic. The expedition is now preparing to return home, where JDH will devote himself to the study of Botany. He would like to travel again, as a naturalist if he can afford it, on a land expedition or if Ross goes to the North Pole. JDH never liked medicine, he hopes to work assisting his father, or will stay in the Navy after taking further exams. He could stay in the Navy on half pay & resign when assigned to a ship but feels that would be dishonourable, as he only took the commission to be useful to science. JDH gets on well with his shipmates & has met friends all over the world during the expedition. JDH does not think that the expedition will gain him more than 'a fair name'.

JDH thanks his Grandmother, Mary Turner, for the letters she has sent him during his time with the Ross Antarctic Expedition. He reports that he saw Mr Clowes at Port Jackson, he was first introduced to Clowes by the McLeays. Miss McLeay was the first to tell JDH that his father, William Jackson Hooker, had been appointed Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. From what his GRandmother says JDH thinks the job & residence at Kew will suit his father. Mentions the situations of his aunts, Mary's daughters: Harriet Gunn, Mary Anne Turner & Hannah Brightwen, the latter now married to Thomas Brightwen & living in Southtown near Gorleston. Mary's sons, Gurney Turner & Dawson Turner, JDH's uncles, are doing well in their professions. Aunt Elizabeth has informed JDH that his cousin Inglis will go into the family bank [Gurney's Bank] & her older children Francis & William Gifford are going to college. Mentions a report of Mr Jacobson being given a lectureship. JDH recalls how Mary used to sing at the bank , he wonders if her daughters carry this on. He writes of how he has missed music whilst at sea & relished opportunities to hear any band play whilst on his travels, he especially recalls a band playing Rule Britannia at a ball in Hobart, New Zealand. JDH & the expedition are now returning home. JDH would like to travel more but will likely take up a job at Kew Gardens, an opportunity to pursue the study of his favourite science: botany. Discusses their family friends Mr & Mrs Brightwen, JDH recalls riding to Caistor with Mr Brightwen during harvest.

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JDH thanks his cousin William Gifford Palgrave, 'Giffy', for writing to him. He has written to Giffy's brother Francis Turner Palgrave, 'Frank', congratulating him on his scholarship to Balliol College, Oxford, & hopes Giffy will have the same success. JDH speculates that they might visit Scotland together one day. JDH has been unable to get Giffy the walrus or elephant tusks he wanted. The only things of interest in the Antarctic Ocean are the penguins & some marine animals. The Ross Antarctic expedition will not be going south again. Though they did not reach the South Pole itself they have navigated further south than any other expedition. The Americans are particularly upset to have been outdone by a British expedition. JDH dismisses Commodore [Charles] Wilkes' account, published in the ATHENAEUM, which attempts to 'rewrite' the route of the Ross expedition as only reaching Balleny's Island not past Wilkes' land [United States Exploring Expedition 1838-1842]. JDH laments the fate of [Jules Dumont] d'Urville & his family [who died in a train crash in Versailles]. JDH thinks d'Urville was unprepared for the trials of travelling through ice. It is sealers who have elucidated the most Antarctic geography. The Americans have never found undiscovered land there, the French-found lands of Terre Adelie & Côte Clairi may only be ice attached to the land & the coast of Terre Louis Philippe was only named by the French having previously been chartered on maps by [James] Weddell & [Edward] Bransfield. The Russian Expedition [Captain Fabian Gottlieb Thaddeus von Bellingshausen, 1820] sailed round most of the Antarctic circle & detected the farthest known southern land in the form of the Islands Alexander & St Paul's. Sends regards to Giffy's brothers Reginald & Inglis, the latter of whom is intending to work for 'the Bank'.

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JDH writes to his sister Maria Hooker, thanking her for a backlog of letters he received when at Simon's Bay [Simon's Town, South Africa]. Mentions Maria's visit to Dr Richardson at Haslar & his letters to Mrs Richardson going astray. At Cape Town JDH saw Baron Ludwig, who gave JDH a box with disappearing lid for Maria. Ludwig will send Elizabeth, JDH's other sister, some 'embroidery work of the Hottentots' [Khoikhoi]. JDH got no shells [for Maria] at Simon's Bay, he was promised a harp shell but sailed before receiving it, the species is the same as sent to their father, William Jackson Hooker, by Mr Telfair from Mauritius. Mrs Helps or the Wyldes may give JDH some shells at St Helena. Mr Helps is a chaplain whose daughter drowned on the 'Reliance'. JDH encourages Maria in her pursuit of singing & drawing & wishes his own drawing skills were better. Mentions the ATHENAEUM'S good review of their Uncle Francis Palgrave's HANDBOOK FOR TRAVELLERS IN NORTHERN ITALY. JDH prefers the ATHENAEUM to the LITERARY GAZETTE though the latter takes more notice of the Ross Antarctic Expedition. Has read about Joan of Arc, Tribune Rienzi, the Duke of Sutherland & agricultural chemistry in the QUARTERLY REVIEW & about British, French, American relations & the slave trade in the EDINBURGH REVIEW. He was also interested in an account of glaciers, having lived so long amongst the ice, but was less impressed by the views on education & a review of Moore's works. JDH now has only one 'messmate', there are advantages & disadvantages to the reduced number. There are few animals left on board, only sheep & goats. JDH had a kitten & two rabbits from the Falkland islands as pets, the kitten & one rabbit have died but he is bringing the remaining rabbit home for Elizabeth. JDH will soon be home to tell his family & friends about his travels, but fears he has got very little from the 'howling wilderness' of 'the South' except cold fingers & does not think another expedition will ever go there.

JDH informs his Father, William Jackson Hooker, that he has just returned to HMS 'Erebus' after dining on the HMS 'Lilly'. The 'Erebus' is reportedly leaving for St Helena the following day but JDH is uncertain whether this will really be the case. JDH has received his father's letters from Jan 1843, they were brought by HMS 'Samarang' along with copies of the ATHENAEUM, ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS, BRITISH FLORA, NATURALISTS ALMANAC, & LONDON BOTANICAL JOURNAL. JDH is sending letters to Frank, Giffy, Sinclair, J. Adamson, Gardner, Aunt May & Grandmother Turner, Westwood, R. Brown, Grandfather Turner & Mitchell, all under cover to WJH & transmitted through Captain Beaufort.

JDH informs his father, William Jackson Hooker, that he is sending him some bird skins, through Lieutenant Matson of HMS 'Waterwitch'. They were collected by Lieutenant Oakley of the HMS 'Erebus' & are to be shared between them. JDH has more private collections to send home by first opportunity. By the ship 'Queen' JDH sent letters to his mother & sisters via Captain Beaufort. He left letters for his father at Simons' Bay [Simon's Town, South Africa] to be delivered by the yacht 'Waterwitch'. WJH's St Helena Correspondent, Bennett, & his widowed mother have the best garden on the island. Captain [James Clark] Ross intends to suggest JDH for promotion, along with Lyall, he proposes that JDH continue in Naval service to serve only on scientific expeditions as a naturalist. JDH explained that he would prefer to get a job on land & expected to be employed by WJH [at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew] but would not turn down a certain promotion given that he has not yet got a definite alternative. He would not want to enter 'ordinary service' or to go on any Government Expedition lasting longer than a year. Ross also intends to apply for a grant to publish the natural history of the voyage & wants the Navy to give JDH half pay whilst he prepares the botany section. Explains some changes that mean JDH will not have to pass the navy boards to qualify for promotion because of his diploma from Edinburgh. If given the opportunity to go on a short Navy expedition as naturalist JDH would take it. JDH is sending WJH moss drawings through the Hydrographer. The 'Erebus' is preparing to do some very deep sea soundings. JDH asks WJH to send his apologies to William Burnett for not sending him any collections, JDH is only allowed to send specimens to official government depots but will give Burnett or Henslow a set after publication. The Ross Antarctic expedition goes next to Ascension then Rio de Janeiro to set up observatories & JDH expects to be home sometime in Sep.

Via Calcutta [Kolkata] JDH has sent: end of NIGER FLORA, sketches, incl. many Rhododendrons, list of roots sent to RBG Kew & sample of Lepcha Boehemeria cloth. Discusses navy half pay & difficulty getting items of economic botany for the museum, he has cotton cloth & baskets & awaits bows, arrows & quiver. Mentions specimen of only large spadixed palm. Has completed [River] Soane journal & discusses publication of it by WJH & The Asiatic Society, a copy shld be sent to Robert Chambers' Journal to promote the expedition. Advises that roots sent to Sir L. Peel by Smith shld be packed better, likewise bottles sent to JDH. JDH will send home extensive collection of dried herbarium specimens on leaving Darjeeling for Mr Jenkins' in Assam, after the rains. Mentions expenses & living with [Brian Houghton] Hodgson [BHH], whose only neighbours are: Dr & Mrs Archibald Campbell [AC] & the Muller brothers, one of whom works at the Patna opium factory, the other at Calcutta mint. JDH still hopes to go North & visit the snows: border issues with Sikkim& China are complex & he is being assisted by AC, Lord Dalhousie & Colonial Office. JDH wants new species named after Mrs Campbell & Lady Dalhousie, WJH may re-name the rest. Has drawn Phaenogams &, for Berkeley, fungi. Found new Balanophoras sp. & prepared dissections for THE LINNEAN SOCIETY TRANSCATIONS. Promises descriptions of Magnolias. Mentions: assistance provided by Gurney, HF lecturing, writing to Stocks, BHH's sister Miss Colville to visit RBG Kew with Miss Edens, defending [Nathaniel Wallich], Madden's TENTAMEN FLORAE NEPALENSIS, Col. Lawrence , Griffith's synonymising, falling out with Brown over Rafflesia & fossil cones, a phosphorescent fungus resembling Belcher's Borneo one. Heard of Col. Waugh, Surveyor General, measuring Kanchenjunga as the highest mountain in the world. JDH has a view of it, one of the true Himalayas of the Chamalari rising from the plain of Tibet. Possible that Dawalgiri in Nepal maybe taller.

JDH reports to his sisters, Maria & Elizabeth 'Bessy', his arrival in Rio de Janeiro after a stop at Ascension Island. He writes of the correspondence he has recently sent & received. He explains that Captain [James Clark] Ross has not received despatches from the Admiral so their movements are uncertain. They will probably make some observations in Rio before returning home. They also need to make repairs to the ship, HMS 'Erebus'. JDH wrote to their father, Sir William Jackson Hooker, per the HMS 'Waterwitch' from St Helena & send him a parquet[sic] [parakeet?] on the ship 'Queen'. JDH was particularly glad to hear from his sisters that all their family are well. JDH writes about his sisters' trip to Hampshire, mentioning Bury Hill & Gilbert White's NATURAL HISTORY OF SELBOURNE. JDH sends his regards to Mrs Gray of the British Museum & communicates that her nephew, his messmate, Lieutenant Smith is well. JDH describes Rio de Janeiro harbour, town & scenery mentioning the Organ Mountains. He particularly mentions the abundance of churches & convents, & cheap fruit: oranges, bananas & pineapples. He notes how different Rio is to all the cooler colonies previously visited during the expedition. He also mentions the young Emperor of Brazil, newly married to the daughter of the King of Naples. JDH complains about the drums & pipes on a nearby American ship, which plays Yankee Doodle every night, drowning out the more skilled band on the Brazilian flagship. JDH was glad to hear that his sisters have seen Baxter & he got home safely.

JDH explains why he has not been able to see his father, Sir William Jackson Hooker. He had Captain [James Clark] Ross's permission to leave the ship for home as soon as they arrived at Deptford or Woolwich but Mr Bird, the Commander, refused JDH leave.

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JDH thanks his sister [Maria Hooker?] for writing to him, he mentions her dog Skye & trip to Ireland. Is pleased that their grandfather still lives & Bessy's [Elizabeth Hooker's] health is restored. Writes that he misses music. The HMS 'Erebus' is preparing to leave Hobart Town, Van Diemen's Land [Tasmania]. Lists the food they are buying for provisions, complains at the high price of food due to the stockpiling of local corn which means flour for bread is imported from America. JDH has met with Miss Williamson, governess to Lady Franklin's daughter. Mentions the news that the missionaries from the ship 'Camden' have been murdered. JDH has been collecting shells for his sister & [Ronald Campbell] Gunn will also send her a collection in exchange for minerals. JDH advises his sister to always label her shells carefully & recommends the following books: Wood's INDEX TESTACEOLOGICUS & a manual by Sowerby. JDH has seen Dr Johnstone at Hobart Town, he will soon sail home on the ship 'Emu'. Tells his sister about Mr Gregson, a Tasmanian related to the Selbys of Selby Hall, who is going to London University & whom JDH has given a letter of introduction to their father, Sir William Jackson Hooker. The Gregson family live near where Browne did after leaving Flinder's ship & JDH often botanised there. Under date Nov 9 [1840] JDH writes the 'Erebus' is ready to sail. One of his messmates, Dagman, will stay at Hobart to man the observatory along with Lieutenant Hay & Scott from the HMS 'Terror'. The ship's provisions include 6 pigs. JDH is studying German. Some men have deserted, the remaining crew are all healthy. The duration of their journey southward will depend on the conditions, JDH hopes they will spend a winter in the ice. The expedition goes first to Campbell's Island then to the land the French discovered & after that into the unknown. As the seasons are all reversed for JDH he has trouble remembering whether his family will be at Invereck, Kilmun, Glasgow or London.

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JDH is sad to hear from his sister Maria, that their sister Mary has been very ill. He hopes that a summer spent in Jersey has improved her health. He has sent her a picture of Madeira. JDH understands their grandfather [Joseph Hooker] is on his death bed. He is sure that their other sister, Elizabeth, will fully recover from her illness. JDH has just heard of their father, Sir William Jackson Hooker's, appointment as Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. JDH has not been homesick but thoughts of home & family often distract him from his duties. He must concentrate however as they are to sail south to unknown latitudes again. He is glad that his niece Willielma is thriving. It is midnight & JDH is sitting in the Captain's cabin with a tom cat called Phantome for company. The only sounds the tide & chronometers, as snorers on ship are soon 'cured'. In the cabin there are portraits of the Queen, Washington, Christ & Peter, John Franklin & Captain Parry, also a scene of Weddel's ships in the southern latitudes. There are also books & instruments, clothes & specimens everywhere. There is a large table in the cabin for JDH's particular use & he defends it for himself by leaving his microscope out, which nobody dares move. JDH explains that he was up writing during the night whilst on watch: taking meteorological observations & maintaining the peace on ship. JDH recounts some things he has read in an issue of the ATHENAEUM: an advert for a copy of Greville's Cryptogamic Flora, which JDH asks be bought for McLeay; an account of a cylinder which exploded during an experiment to solidify carbonic acid gas; an extract from 'Dodd's Thoughtage' which mentioned JDH's presence on the Ross expedition. Since writing the above JDH has been on expeditions around the Bay of Islands with Dr Sinclair of the HMS 'Favourite'. Next they sail to Chatham Islands. Mentions some plants have been sent home to the Admiralty via Sydney. Compliments his acquaintance [William] Colenso.

The HMS 'Erebus' has just returned from a 136 day cruise south on which they reached a more southerly latitude than the French or American expeditions. This is the first opportunity JDH has had to reply to his mother, Maria Hooker's, letter. He describes being confined to ship & how the vessels bear up in rough conditions in the Southern Ocean. JDH hopes his family is now settled in their new home at Kew 'Brick Farm House'. Comments that it has been so long since he saw a woman that they have become mythical creatures to him. Writes of his feelings at the illness of his sisters Elizabeth & Mary & the likelihood that Mary will die while he is at sea. The expedition will go south once again via St Martins cove near Cape Horn, following [James] Weddell's route, they hope to get further south than [Jules] D'Urville. The 'Erebus' will have to go to Rio de Janeiro for repairs. They will spend some months at the Falkland Islands & JDH will study the mosses, lichens & seaweed as recommended by [William Henry] Harvey. Discusses the prospect of becoming a member of the Athenaeum Club & Linnean Society. Despite the cold conditions JDH reports his health has been perfect. He was sometimes hungry during the voyage south as food supplies had to be carefully managed to make them last their time in the ice. Some bad tinned food was sold to them, they had livestock on board to slaughter for fresh meat & overall provisions were better than on their previous trip southward. They named one of the pigs Miss Franklin, which they considered an honour & compliment to the lady. JDH owes letters to various family members & scientific correspondents, whom he lists. Discusses some 'jewels' sent to for him through [Ronald] Gunn. Mentions Archibald Smith & 'little Minah' of the Smith family, his Scottish friends. JDH would rather send home his surplus pay than waste it in expensive ports. They have few newspapers but JDH has seen his father listed as on the council of the Royal Society.

JDH informs his father, William Jackson Hooker, that he expects to be home soon after this letter arrives. Captain Ross is keen to leave Rio de Janeiro as soon as the Bowsprit is replaced & before despatched from Monte Video can order them to stay. JDH reflects on the expedition now it is nearly over. He is glad to have done it, though it was not what he expected, & he would have found it tedious if not for the study of botany to fill his hours with. Captain Ross has been kind to JDH & he is grateful but he does not love the man & thinks he should have shown kindness to other deserving parties. JDH briefly speculates on his future with the Naval Service, before receiving a Surgeon's Commission he would have to take further exams at Edinburgh [University]. He would rather remain in the service than be a burden on his family but thinks he will be able to pay his way by acting as an assistant to his father in his work at Kew. JDH collected 22 different species of fern at St Helena & 8 at Ascension with only 1 species common to both. Some of JDH's duplicate Auckland Island plant specimens have begun to moulder but the New Zealand ferns are resisting the damp. He discusses the morphology of a Diplazium fern species from St Helena. JDH wrote to Brown from the Cape of Good Hope. Under the heading 8pm JDH continues that e has received a letter from [George] Gardner with letters of introduction to people in Rio, but JDH will have little time to make use of the introductions. JDH regrets that he has been prevented from making his planned excursion to Tejuca in the Sierra dos Organõs to collect Cladonia perfilata. JDH is pleased WJH has got Gardner a position with Fielding. He wishes the prospects for Arnott were as good.

JDH delighted by letter from [Charles] Darwin [CD]. [Brian Houghton] Hodgson reading CD’s journal & has some pamphlets on breeds etc for CD from the ASIATIC SOCIETY JOURNAL. Wonders if CD knows of Pallas’ memoir on degeneration of animals. JDH in very good health. [Hugh] Falconer has been unwell but is much better & is trying to get his English time to count towards his length of service. JDH wishes the Darwin’s were all well. Finds CD’s fact about male & female barnacles startling. The Surveyor General [Colonel Waugh] has announced measurements of one of the Himalayan mountains [Kanchenjunga] which make it the highest in the world.