Thanks for election as FMLS. Sending a copy of his "Prodromus".

Thanks for "Linnean Transactions". Hopes Smith and Sir Joseph Banks have received the copies of his "Prodromus". Missed Smith whilst he was visiting England. Defends himself against not having mentioned Smith in the preface of his "Prodromus" by stating he consulted the duplicates in Carl Linnaeus junior's herbarium and other collections connected with Linnaeus including Dr Dahl's, same applies to his "Obervationes", a copy of which he has sent to Smith. Warns Smith of possible errors in the 'Cryptogamic' section of Linnaeus' herbarium as many were collected by himself, states an error noticed by [James] Dickson. Long list of desiderata [on second folio, some names have a pencilled tick against them]. Asks for Smith's observations on enclosed 'Carex' specimens [not extant].

[Smith has noted on verso of second folio] "if my friend Mr Afzelius should be met with, to beg to be remembered to him".

By Smith's request sending specimens of West Indian plants including from 'Urtica' and 'Epidendrum', surprised to hear from Sir Joseph Banks that species of the latter have been flowering at Kew. His definition for separating 'Epidendrum' and associated genera 'Limodorum'. [Richard] Salisbury's observations on 'Cypripedium' are "ingenious", further discussion of the genus with reference to 'Cypripedium calceolus' and 'Cypripedium bulbosum', compliments Smith's coloured figure of same and wishes that all of the 'Gynandrae' were similarly illustrated. Does not agree with [Carl Peter] Thunberg's idea to place 'Orchideous' plants in the 'Diandria' order but agrees with [Johann von] Schreber's arrangement of 'Arum'. Preoccupied with his work on "Icones". Apologises for his error in characterisation of 'Canella alba' [in his paper for "Linnean Transactions"], only one loculament is filled with seeds.

Received Smith's letter of May 1791 and "Reliquiae rudbeckianae" through [Carl Peter] Thunberg. Directions for Smith to acquire copy of his "Observationes botanicae". Thanks for Smith's observations on the 'Carex' specimens he sent, recently found the true 'Carex brizoides' which makes 'Carex hudsonii' a new species. Smith unanimously elected as a foreign member of Swedish Academy of Sciences. Asks if his 'Psychotria pavetta' is the same as 'Ixora americana' or 'Ixora alba' [Smith has annotated "no" against both], explains his doubts. Asks if Smith has had any news of [Adam] Afzelius in Sierra Leone, heard report of an attack on the settlement.

Thanks for extracted papers from "Linnean Transactions" and New Holland plants [Australia], immediately translated Smith's remarks on 'Sprengelia', it and the drawing to be published by the [Swedish] Academey [of Sciences]. Praises Smith's "Tour of the Continent". Smith's "Tentamen botanicum de filicum ..." is edifying and has thought the same as Smith in some instances in separation of 'Asplenium nodosum' from 'Asplenium'; 'Lindsaea' Dryand from 'Adianthum'; moving of 'Osmunda peltata' and 'Asplenium cicutarium' to their places; division of 'Trichomanis' into two with name 'Darea' being reinstated. Intends to keep Smith's name 'Hymenophyllum' for his "Flora Indiae", may leave out 'Schizaea'. Asks where Smith has placed 'Polypodium reticulatum' Linn and 'Meniscium' Schreb. Discussion of multiple species of 'Lichen'. Requests two copies of Smith's "New Holland Botany".

Large parcel for Smith, including: West Indies plants, mostly those mentioned in his "Prodromus"; six parts of the "Acta Holm" of the [Swedish] Academy [of Sciences], the first part includes Smith's paper on 'Sprengelia', plus a silver jetton, and the new lichens described in the transactions; and 'Lichen deustus' and 'Lichen polyrrhizos' for Smith's opinion. Believes they should only search for the lichens of Dillenius, even Linnaeus considered lichens to be the "crux botanicorum". Has heard that the New Holland [Australia] colony is progressing well, asks if Smith has received the lichens, ferns, mosses and algae he sent from there.

Received Smith's letter of 17 April 1796, congratulates him on his marriage. Thanks for observations on the lichens he sent. Three further parts of the "Acta Holm" [of Swedish Academy of Sciences] are waiting for Smith, which include paper by Swartz listing all the Swedish 'Musci' in the Hedwigian order. Requests specimens of '[Lichen] torrefactus' of Lightfoot and '[Lichen] polyrrhizos' of Dillenius and "the English writers". Uncertainty about 'Bryum viridulum' compounded by reading [James] Dickson's description of it, believes the common one around Upsala is 'Bryum truncatula' so Linnaeus must be mistaken about it, asks Smith to compare the enclosed specimens [extant] with the Linnaean herbarium. His own observations on the lichen specimens he previously sent. [Heinrich Adolph] Schrader says in his "Spicilegium florae Germanicae" p105 that 'Lerosus' is the 'Correfactus' of Lightfoot [?]. Death of Wilcke, secretary of the [Swedish] Academy of Sciences. Asks Smith's opinion of [James] Sowerby's "["Coloured figures of English] Fungi" and [John] Stackhouse's ["Nereis Britannica"].

Twenty-two individual 'Bryum' specimens in five groups mounted on piece of paper annotated by both Swartz and Smith, in white envelope.

Thanks for letter and parcel of 13 October 1796, which was delayed by the ship being caught in ice for the winter. Thanks for New Holland [Australia] 'Myrtoides'. Thanks for "morsel" of the original Linnaean specimen of 'Bryum viridulum', believes it is 'Hypnum bryoides', and that Linnaeus also took a variety of 'Bryum trancatulum' for 'Bryum viridulum', other additional errors, concludes that they should not rely on any Linnaean specimens of the 'Musci' and resort to Dillenius instead, as Linnaeus did. Comments on the 'Bryum' specimens he sent with his last letter. Thanks for Smith's observations of 'Lichen pellitus'. Thanks for specimen of 'Hypnum smithii'. Shall present Smith's paper on new genus 'Westringia' to [Swedish] Academy [of Sciences]. Praises [James] Sowerby's "English Fungi". Hopes some of his works on West Indian plants will soon be appearing in Germany.

Sends West Indies plants and Swedish 'Musci'. Longs to see Smith's new genera recently published in "Linnean Transactions". Hopes to finish his "Flora Indiae occidentalis" next year. Hopes Smith received the papers he sent including one by him on ['Epidendrum'] L. Praises [Archibald] Menzies' new arrangement of 'Polytrichum'. Preparing a paper on 'Ehrharta' for "Linnean Transactions".

Believes his letter to Smith of July 1798 and parcel to Sir Joseph Banks have been lost, contents included: latest parts of "Acta" [of Swedish Academy of Scienes], including Smith's paper on 'Westringia'; copies of Smith's dissertation on 'Plukenetia' from "Acta Soc. Upsaliens" vol 6; and a paper of his in same volume on 'Epindendrium'. Hope Smith received the West Indies plants and cryptogamic plants sent with his letter of October [1798]. Sends paper on 'Ehrharta' for "Linnean Transactions", further notes on it. Informed by [Adam] Afzelius that Smith is finishing "Flora Britannica". The printing of his "Flora Indiae occidentalis" has been delayed by the war. Has attended to ['Anthesteria'] in a similar way to 'Ehrharta'. Asks Smith's opinion of his work on 'Epidendrum', further notes on it.

Long postscript discussing specimens of a New Holland genus in the 'Gynandria' class Smith sent him in 1795 and provisionally named "nov genus orchidearum no 2", believes it is of the genus 'Orchid.' and has written on it in the "new journal of botany" published by [Heinrich Adolph] Schrader in Gottingen. Queries plants in Smith's "Tentamen botanicum de filicum generibus dorsiferarum", including: 'Onoclea', 'Osmunda spicant', 'Acrostichum septentrionale', and 'Davallia falcata'. Has two new species for 'Villaria', they are published in second volume of "Neue Schriften des Gesellschaft Naturforschende freunde in Berlin". Has been working for a long time on the 'Gynandrous' genera and order 'Orchid.', confident of finding a firm character.

Received Smith's letter of 16 November 1800. Surprised by Smith's statement that 'Polypodium cambricum' is a variety of 'Polypodium vulgare'. Discussion of flowers of 'Malaxis loeselii' and 'Malaxis [rheedei]' ('Epidendrum resupinatum' Forst.), believes 'Limodorum nutans' Rox. and 'Epidendrum candatum' are of the 'Malaxis' genus. Would like to send Smith his last paper on the 'Orchideous' order. Hopes Smith received the cryptogamous plants he previously sent.

Discussion of 'Carex': has received several new species of 'Carex' from Lapland. One is from 71 degrees latitude, believes it is the "primitive" 'Carex leporina' of "Flora Lapponica" and has named it 'Carex [lagopodioides]' as they intend the 'leporina' name for the common one or the "ovalis Gooden.". Requests specimens of the 'Carex' from Smith's paper in fifth volume of "Linnean Transactions", except 'Carex tomentosa' [Smith has annotated: "sent binervis, laevigata, fulva & distans"], in addition to 'C. rigida' [ticked by Smith], 'C. pulla', 'C. axillaris' [ticked by Smith], 'C. teretiuscula' [ticked by Smith], 'C. divisa', and 'C. paludosa'. Asks if Smith agrees that the English 'Polypodium ilvense' is quite different from the Linnaean one, which is common in Sweden. Surprised to find that what was labelled a specimen of 'Cypripedium bulbosus' was in fact a true 'Linodori' and not a 'Cymbidium' as he thought. Asks what species of 'Salix' the Huntingdon or Leicester willow is. [Erik] Acharius and [Johan Peter] Westring worthy candidates for Linnean Society. Surprised that Corrêa has not heard of his election to the Stockholm Academy of Sciences and fears his letters to him have miscarried. [Adam] Afzelius is well.

Relief that the tension between Britain and Sweden has abated. Two parcels sent, the first contains: lichens from [Erik] Acharius; a second paper on 'Orchidea' inserted in a volume of transactions of [Swedish] Academy [of Sciences], in between the leaves of which he has inserted specimens of mostly new 'Carex' provided by [Georg] Wahlenberg [(1780-1851)]; specimens of 'Musci frondosi'; and copy of "Dispositio systematica muscorum frondosorum Sveciae". The second parcel contains: first two volumes of "Flora Indiae occidentalis"; [Carl Peter] Thunberg's "Icones pl. Japonicarum"; first 13 plates from "Icones plant. ind. occid."; and packs of West Indies grasses.

Asks if Smith knows 'Festuca arundinacea', it is almost a fascimile of 'Poa aquatica', and 'Arundo stricta'. Wahlenberg has gathered many plants from northern Lapland and also discovered a new 'Arenaria (sulcata)' and a 'Myosotis (related to virginica)', will send them next time. Wahlenberg is working on a "synopsis 'Caricum'" and planning another trip as far north as Nordcap. Asks Smith's opinion of his work on 'Orchidea', explains some of his observations, the papers are published in transactions of [Swedish] Academy [of Sciences]. He has also "laboured through" the ferns, the paper is published in [Heinrich Adolph] Schrader's "Journal [of Botany]". Asks Smith's opinion of [Christaan Hendrik] Persoon's "Synopsis fungorum", and if [Johann] Hedwig's posthumous "Species muscorum" and "Icones filicum" have appeared in England.

Pleased Smith received the items he and [Erik] Acharius sent. Thanks for 'Carex' specimens Smith sent. Lists contents of a missing parcel sent for Smith in 1800, it was largely of cryptogamous plants and hopes to make it up again. Surprise at the accumulation of 'Carex' species in the Swedish flora. [Georg] Wahlenberg [(1780-1851)], who collected many of them, is on a return expedition to the north and hopes to go as far as Nordcap, a return journey of 2400 miles. Wahlenberg has described 170 species of 'Carex' in his paper on the subject, to be published in [Swedish] Academy [of Science's] "Handlingar", lists their intentions for enhancing it. Discusses lichens: possibly sent Smith 'Urceolaria gibbosa' instead of 'Lichen cinereus', discusses both. The Upsala 'Lichen calcareus' Acharius sent is not the old 'L. calcareus' but a true 'L. verrucaria' and not different from Smith's 'L. [tessellatus]', 'multipanctatus' comes near to 'verrucaria'.

Recommends [Johann] Hedwig for settling the mosses in the cryptogamic section of "Flora Britannica", his own opinion is that inflorescene cannot serve as a character for genera, further comments on multiple genera including 'Hypnum', 'Bryum', and others. Would like to correct the errors in Hedwig's "Species muscorum". Also recommends [Heinrich Adolph] Schrader's "Journal of Botany" for its cryptogamic content, there was recently an article in it on 'Filicum', asks Smith's opinion on it and sketches what he learnt from it. Sends specimen of 'Arenaria sulcata'. [Johan Gustaf] Acrel died more than a year ago after being weakened by apoplectic fits, his place [as professor of medicine at Uppsala University] has been taken by [Adam] Afzelius' brother. Afzelius is processing the "Sierra Leone novelties somewhat slow".

This letter mentions and discusses multiple lichen, moss, and fern species.

Hopes Smith soon recovers from his illness, relates his own "sundry pulmonary attacks". Went to Öland island in the summer, amongst the peculiar plants growing there is 'Cistus oelandicus', however the season was too late for scarcer plants such as 'Orchidea', and the rain so continual that little could be done, but obtained some good cryptogamic plants. Also found 'Carex obtusata', sends Smith a specimen of it, it is close to 'Carex pulicaris'. Expects [Georg] Wahlenberg back from the northern regions [an expedition to Lapland], part of his "Carciographia" has been printed in transactions of [Swedish] Academy [of Sciences]. Hopes printing of [Erik] Acharius' "Lichenographia" ["Methodus lichenum"?] will begin soon. Asks if Smith has seen his paper on 'filices' in [Heinrich Adolph] Schrader's "Journal of Botany".

Pleased to hear of Smith's recovery. A parcel sent has been sent for Smith by Adam Afzelius, containing: lichens; some other plants; a packet of plants from [Erik] Acharius; a copy of his paper on ferns from [Heinrich Adolph] Schrader's "Journal [of Botany]"; and a parcel to forward to [Dawson] Turner. Asks Smith's opinion of the roses he has cultivated [and sent specimens of]. [Georg] Wahlenberg [(1780-1851)] has returned from expedition to Nordcap, [Lapland], but forced to leave his collections at 71 degrees latitude until the spring, is now collating his observations: 30 to 40 new lichens, several other undetermined plants, and a new species of Hedwig's ['Arrhenapherum'] moss genus have been collected. His topographical observations are curious. Acharius' "Methodus Lichenum" now printing.

From consultation of Smith herbarium the 'Rosa' specimens sent by Swartz appear to be 'Rosa caesia', 'Rosa spinoissima n', 'Rosa multiflora', and 'Rosa arvensis', which were all acquired in 1803.

Received Smith's letters of 27 January and 11 April, pleased that the parcel sent to Smith has arrived. Fears that the new war will impede their literary intercourse [resumption of war between Britain and France]. Has sent Smith and Sir Joseph Banks copies of Acharius' "Methodus lichenum". Congratulates Smith on acquisition of [Edmund] Davall's herbarium, will take up offer to send items from it, in particular Regnier's 'Polytrichum pulverulentum', and the roses.

Discussion of roses: thanks for Smith's observations on his roses ['Rosa caesia', 'R. spinoissima n', 'R. multiflora', and 'R. arvensis'], agrees that his 'Rosa arvensis' may be a different species but distinct from his 'R. canina' and 'R. collina', believes this is Jacquin's. Currently cultivating 30 rose species, requests ripe fruit of the 'R. arvensis' in the autumn.

Observations on enclosed specimen of 'Malaxis monophyllos' [in Smith herbarium], when it is found with two leaves it is 'Ophrys latifolia'. Will endeavour to acquire some of [Georg] Wahlenberg's [(1780-1851)] Lapland discoveries for Smith, remarks that he is a superior traveller to any other who have visited "those remote regions". Asks Smith's opinion of [Antonio] Cavanilles arrangement of filices. Has received letter from Cavanilles in which he states that he has discovered the true seeds of ferns and mosses, which shall overthrow [Johann] Hedwig's theory of the sexes.

After consultation with [Erik] Acharius he has arranged the collection of Lichens sent by Harriman: extensive notes on collection including determination and synonymy, with annotations by Smith, including comment on quality of [James] Dickson's specimens.

Has sent a parcel of Swedish lichens to Harriman in return, under care of Sir Joseph Banks. Responds to lichen queries in Harriman's previous letter.

Desiderata, in Smith's hand, of lichens and cryptogams.

Introduces the bearer of the letter, [William Dandridge] Peck, professor of natural history at University of Cambridge [Harvard University], Massachusetts, who has been in Sweden. Hopes Smith received the parcel he sent last year via [Nathaniel] Winch. Sends his reprinted paper on 'Orchidae'. Hopes Smith received the letter he sent last December . Encloses a letter to be forwared to [Archibald] Menzies.

The war [between Britain and France] has disrupted their correspondence for two and a half years, sends recent "transactions" of [Swedish] Academy [of Sciences]. Effect of the war on Swedish science: isolated from foreign literature, except for occassional communications from Britain, has seen parts of Smith's "Exotic Botany" and "Flora Graeca" and [Dawson] Turner's "Hist. Fucorum". Only remarkable things produced in Sweden have been the "Swedish Botany and Zoology" [Palmstruch's "Svensk botanik" (1802-1819)?], supervised by himself, and [Johan Peter] Westring's "history of the lichens". Isolated from European colleagues, which has disrupted the planned collaboration between himself and [Daniel Matthias Heinrich] Mohr [(1780-1808)] on a "Synopsis or Historia Muscorum", and [Heinrich Adolph] Scharder's Gottingen printing of [Erik] Acharius' "Lichenographia universalis".

Concern over fate of an "instructif [sic] present" sent to the Linnean Society by Acharius. [Carl Peter] Thunberg and [Adam] Afzelius are living in Uppsala, the latter has written on the Swedish 'Rosa' and put his "African treasures" aside. Report of a "secular celebration of the birthday of a giant man [Linnaeus]", including a eulogy by Dr [Sven Anders] Hedin, one of his former pupils, held in Linnaeus' first school in Wexiö [Växjö], and a grand fete at the Academy of Uppsala. It is the only instance in Sweden of a public honour being given to an individual subject. The museum and auditory were also consecrated, attended by "many thousands" including most of the old "Linnaean disciples" who gave the whole "a most venerable appearance". Eager to see new genus of moss ['Hookeria'] described by Smith.

Hopes Smith has received last parcel he sent by way of Yarmouth, [Norfolk]; it included most recent "Acta" from their Academy of Sciences. Glad to hear from [William Jackson] Hooker of Smith's good health; his own health is good. Relief and some trepidation at recent turn in political events [probably in reference to Sweden's defeat in Finnish War and Pomeranian War]. Keen to see ninth volume of "Linnean Transactions" and the papers on cryptogams, as they will be an addition to the "opsculi" he is working on, and which he believes is his last.

His friend, [Goran] Wahlenberg [(1780-1851), botanist], has almost finished his "Flora Lapponica"; remarks on increase in species.