From Mr Turner   2 October 1875

[Farnborough, Kent]

[when the tails of horned cattle are rubbed ‘just below the root,’ they invariably twist their bodies, stretch their necks, and begin to lick their lips.]1

The text of the letter is as given in Expression 2d ed., p. 47 n. 19. Mr Turner has not been further identified. The observation was added to the discussion of habitual movement in animals.

Please cite as “DCP-LETT-10179F,” in Ɛpsilon: The Charles Darwin Collection accessed on 5 June 2025, https://epsilon.ac.uk/view/dcp-data/letters/DCP-LETT-10179F