To T. H. Farrer   20 October 1880

Down, | Beckenham, Kent (Railway Station | Orpington. S.E.R.)

Oct 20th 1880

My dear Farrer

What a man you are to do thoroughily whatever you undertake to do! The supply of specimens has been magnificent, & I have worked at them for a day & a half.1 I found a very few well rounded grains of brick in the castings from over gravel walk, & plenty over the hole in field & over Roman floor. You have done me the greatest possible service by making me more cautious than I shd. otherwise have been, viz by sending me the rubbish from the road itself; in this rubbish I find very many particles, rounded (I suppose) by having been crushed, angles knocked off, & somewhat rolled about. But not a few of the particles may have passed through the bodies of worms during the years since the road was laid down.— I still think that the fragments are ground in the gizzards of worms, which always contain bits of stone; but I must try & get more evidence. I have today started a pot with worms in very fine soil, with sharp fragments of hard tiles laid on the surface, & hope to see in the course of time whether any of these become rounded.2 I do not think that more specimens from Abinger would aid me.

With hearty thanks for all your most kind assistance, I am | My dear Farrer | Yours sincerely | Charles Darwin

Eliz. Wedgwoods progress is, I fear, decidedly downwards, but she had a rather better night.—3 She suffers greatly from extreme restlessness & short-breathing. Her life, I think, is a misery to her.

In Earthworms, p. 18, CD stated that it was probable that the little stones and similar material swallowed by worms were used like millstones to grind their food.
Elizabeth Wedgwood was seriously ill (letter from T. H. Farrer, 9 October 1880 and n. 5); Farrer was married to her niece Katherine Euphemia (Effie) Farrer.

Manuscript Alterations and Comments

1.1 (Railway Station … S.E.R.)] parentheses added
1.3 very] interl
1.3 in] after del ‘over’
1.4 Roman] after del ‘flo’
1.9 bodies] after del ‘bdies’

Please cite as “DCP-LETT-12766,” in Ɛpsilon: The Charles Darwin Collection accessed on 5 June 2025, https://epsilon.ac.uk/view/dcp-data/letters/DCP-LETT-12766