To Herbert Spencer   25 November [1858]1

Down Bromley Kent

Nov. 25

Dear Sir

I beg permission to thank you sincerely for your very kind present of your Essays.—2 I have already read several of them with much interest. Your remarks on the general argument of the so-called Development Theory seem to me admirable.3 I am at present preparing an abstract of a larger work on the changes of species; but I treat the subject simply as a naturalist & not from a general point of view; otherwise, in my opinion, your argument could not have been improved on & might have been quoted by me with great advantage.

Your article on Music has also interested me much, for I had often thought on the subject & had come to nearly the same conclusion with you, though unable to support the notion in any detail.4 Furthermore by a curious coincidence Expression has been for years a favourite subject with me for loose speculation, & I most entirely agree with you that all expression has some biological meaning.—5

I hope to profit by your criticisms on style,6 & with my best thanks, I beg leave to remain | Dear Sir | Yours truly obliged | C. Darwin

1
Dated by the reference to Spencer 1858–63.
2
The first volume of Spencer 1858–63, a collection of previously published essays on various topics. Only the second volume (1863) is in the Darwin Library–Down.
3
A reference to Spencer’s essay entitled ‘The development hypothesis’ (1852), first published in the Leader and reprinted in Spencer 1858–63, 1: 389–95.
4
Spencer believed that music was originally vocal and was the idealised expression of sounds produced by muscular action excited by pleasurable or painful feelings (Spencer 1858–63, 1: 359–84). CD’s views on music are given in Expression and in Descent. His notes on the subject are in DAR 85.
5
CD’s M and N notebooks (Notebooks) contain many entries on the topic of animal and human expressions. In 1839 he began recording the expressions and behaviour of his own children (see Correspondence vol. 4, Appendix III). These observations culminated in his book Expression, published in 1872. For a summary of CD’s views on the biological meaning of expression, see Browne 1985.
6
Spencer’s article on ‘The philosophy of style’ (1852), from the Westminster Review, was reprinted in Spencer 1858–63, 1: 228–61.

Manuscript Alterations and Comments

2.2 had come] ‘had’ interl
2.4 subject] interl
3.1 your] interl

Please cite as “DCP-LETT-2373,” in Ɛpsilon: The Charles Darwin Collection accessed on 5 June 2025, https://epsilon.ac.uk/view/dcp-data/letters/DCP-LETT-2373