From Thomas Beddoes to Davies Giddy   23 April [1796]

Dear Giddy

A riot must be suppressed; that is no less clear than that a conflagration must be stopped.1 But experience seems to have demonstrated that neither military nor civil execution will put an end to rioting. We have had our minds occupied by rioting & rioters no less than you in Cornwall, but in a manner somewhat different. Three men were tried at the last assizes for this crime; & one was condemned upon incompetent evidence. A great ferment took place; & matters are in such a train that I hope the man will obtain a pardon2 – Mr Gibbs began his judicial career very unpromisingly.3 A barrister of sense & experience assured me that Burke4 wd not have convicted the prisoner – I have the evidence before me & did intend to draw up an acct of the whole transaction (which wd afford an excellent lesson to juries) but having just printed an attack on Mr Pitt,5 I do not choose to engage another person for fear of appearing another P. Pindar6 in prose –

The great subject of finance now principally employs the thoughts of speculative men. There are many signs of our public expences having arrived near the point at which it becomes difficult to provide for them. The new tax upon wine seems to betray want of resources. It must diminish the consumption of the article. The high triumphant tone assumed by the minister is to me very suspicious. Another year will certainly decide experimentally between the opposite doctrines of Calonne & D’Ivernois, Morgan & Vansittart, Pitt & Grey – If troubles break out in the S. of France, I shd not be surprised to see Monarchy, Aristocracy & Royal re-established. I much doubt whether the difficulty of procuring the full discussion of laws by two independent assemblies has been overcome by the new French constn. The council of elders appears insignificant; & the 500 are fast assuming the uncontrolled authority & Billingsgate manners of the convention. This difficulty, I fear, has its foundation in the nature of things, for if you should equalise the powers of two assemblies, wd not the difference in talents between the members give one the ascendancy in all times of public difficulty? & in times of tranquillity, there wd be little to apprehend fom the rashness of a single assembly –

Darwin's second volume is out, & his analysis of morbid phenomena is one of the greatest exertions of the human understanding. The foundation of the most important & difficult science is fairly laid. There will be an end of medical imposture in due time; & if the profession continues to exist, the number of its members will be wonderfully diminished – Count Rumford’s is another most important publication. It will go far to banish the dread of want from the most apprehensive minds; & this is surely no small merit in the present state of society – I leave Miss Giddy to Mrs Beddoes – Pray remember me to your father & mother

I am Dr Giddy yours truly

Thomas Beddoes

It strikes me that Donne’s invention may be employed to prevent the elements of geometry from being disagreeable to young people, & that this will be its best application

Capt opii grss
bis die – jentaculo x h.s.

℞
Ferr: vitriolat;
Extract: gentiam: aa ℈i
ft pilulae xx –
capt unam bis die –
haec sufficient

In an incident widely reported in the newspapers, on 6 April 1796 a crowd of between 1000 and 3000 assembled in Truro, Cornwall, protesting about high food prices. The Riot Act was read and, when the crowd did not disperse, the Worcestershire militia, which was quartered in the county, made a bayonet charge. Ten ‘rioters’ were arrested; one was later hung. Giddy had been made Deputy-Lieutenant of Cornwall in October 1795; this office gave him greater powers to deal with the food riots of the Truro kind, which had been sporadically occurring since 1793 and were caused by poor harvests and resultant high grain prices, poor pay, and unemployment. To quell these disturbances Giddy had, in summer 1795, ordered the sale of imported flour and rice at cheap prices in Penzance market.
This affair was taken up in the Bristol journal that Beddoes had helped Coleridge to establish — The Watchman. In 1795 food riots had resulted in fishmongers’ properties being attacked and the premises of a butcher being pulled down and his meat stolen. Troops were called in to restore order. Three people — Edward Evans, William Gage and James Selman — were subsequently arrested and, on 2 April 1796, tried. Gage was convicted of theft and sentenced to death (commuted to transportation) despite the fact that the only witness for the prosecution was another butcher, Edmund Matthew, whom several had sworn was unable to identify Gage at the time of the offence and was motivated by the prospect of a £40 reward for a conviction. Witnesses who had signed affadavits stating that Gage had been at work at the time of the riot were not called by the defence. After a press campaign by Coleridge and others, Gage was reprieved. See Coleridge, The Watchman (London and Princeton, 1970), p. 232.
Vicary Gibbs (1751-1820), the recorder (judge) at Bristol Assizes since 1794.
Richard Burke (1758-94), son of the renowned politician Edmund Burke (1729-97), was Recorder for Bristol from 1783 to 1794.
An Essay on the Public Merits of Mr. Pitt (London: printed for J. Johnson, 1796).
‘Peter Pindar’ was the pseudonym of the satirist John Wolcot. Pindar’s numerous virulent satires were aimed at the King and Queen, politicians and many in the world of fine arts and literature.

Please cite as “BEDDOES-LETTER-192,” in Ɛpsilon: Thomas Beddoes Collection accessed on 5 June 2025, https://epsilon.ac.uk/view/epsilon-testbed/beddoes/letters/BEDDOES-LETTER-192