WCP2476

Letter (WCP2476.2366)

[1]1

Coalburgh,

West V[irgini]a

12 Nov[ember] 1873

Mr A R Wallace

The Dell, Grays,

Essex, England

Dear Sir,

I cut from one of the papers I have rec[eive]d to day, the enclosed slip, and send it to you, as I think you have called attention to similar adventures of cats and dogs, in Nature, not long since.2 The route the cat would have taken [2] was wholly per Rail[?] and on three different roads and is represented thus.3

That starting from D, the animal should reach A. is very curious, whether she went across (54 miles) or around,

[Valediction illeg.] | W. H. Edwards4 [signature]

[3]

I suspect we have a very interesting case of dimorphism in Limenitis Proserpina5 Edw[ards]. But[terflies]. [of] N[orth]. A[merica].6 Plate. and that its other form is Arthemis.7 The two are found associating together, while Insula[?] is not known to me to associate with Arthemis. The size and shape is [the] same and the inside is very nearly identical in colour and pattern, differing from Insula[?]. I will follow this up next season.

W. H. E.

[4]8 Along with other species of Chrysobalanea [sic],9 Rubiacea [sic]10 &c. in a paper read before the Linnean Society but not yet published, and he arrived at the conclusion that these structures had become hereditary through the necessity of the plants adapting [1 word illeg.] to the adaptation of the plant to the [2 words illeg. struck through] constant parasitism of the insect but he did not recognise that the ants were of any actual service to the plant.

The page is numbered 310 and bears the British Museum stamp on the reverse.
Wallace, A. R. Perception and Instinct in the Lower Animals. Nature 8: 65-66 (22 May 1873: no. 183) or Nature 8: 302 (14 Aug. 1873: no. 198).?
Here is positioned a hand-drawn map consisting of lines connecting four points in the state of Connecticut: A. M[oun]t. Carmel, B. New Haven, C. Hartford, D. Norfolk and a dotted line connecting D. to A. labelled 54 miles.
Edwards, William Henry (1822-1909). American businessman and entomologist. He was an industrial pioneer in the coalfields of West Virginia and also a prominent naturalist specializing in the study of butterflies. In addition to numerous papers describing new species, he made important contributions in the area of polymorphism, a demonstration of natural selection and an opportunity to study evolutionary processes. He wrote The Butterflies of North America (3 volumes), highly regarded for its scholarship and the quality of its illustrations (see Endnote 7).
Limenitis Proserpina, a brush-footed butterfly common in the eastern United States, has long been regarded as a hybrid form of two other species. L. arthemis arthemis f. proserpina occurs in a zone which represents the territorial overlap of L. a. arthemis (to the north) and L. a. astyanax (to the south).
Edwards, W. H. (1868-1872). The Butterflies of North America, 3 vols Philadelphia, American Entomological Society.
The white admiral or red-spotted purple (Limenitis arthemis) is a polytypic species of North American brush-footed butterfly, common throughout much of the eastern United States. L. a. astyanax (the red-spotted purple) has red spots on its underside and the top of the wings are notable for their iridescent blue markings. L. a. arthemis (the white admiral) on the other hand has a large white band traversing both the forewings and hindwings. Intermediates between L. a. arthemis and L. a. astyanax can occur (see Endnote 6).
Remaining text is in the hand of ARW, according to a pencil annotation by ARW’s son William Greenell Wallace at the bottom of the letter: "(In ARW’s writing WGW)"
Chrysobalanaceae is a family of flowering plants consisting of trees and shrubs distributed across the tropics, with a centre of diversity in the Amazon.
Rubiaceae is a family of flowering plants, consisting of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family.

Please cite as “WCP2476,” in Beccaloni, G. W. (ed.), Ɛpsilon: The Alfred Russel Wallace Collection accessed on 27 April 2024, https://epsilon.ac.uk/view/wallace/letters/WCP2476