- Hope Entomological Library, Oxford University Museum of Natural History: ARW 72
- Hope Entomological Library, Oxford University Museum of Natural History: ARW 72
About struggle for existence. Fred Birch.
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The Alfred Russel Wallace Collection
Alfred Russel Wallace (1823 - 1913) was one of the world's most important scientists. His seminal contributions to biology rival those of his friend and colleague Charles Darwin, though he is far less well known. Together Wallace and Darwin proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection in 1858, and their prolific subsequent work laid the foundations of modern evolutionary biology, and much more besides.
Wallace made enduring scholarly contributions to subjects as diverse as glaciology, land reform, anthropology, ethnography, epidemiology, and astrobiology. His pioneering work on evolutionary biogeography (the science that seeks to explain the geographical distribution of organisms) led to him becoming recognised as that subject’s ‘father’. Beyond this Wallace is regarded as the pre-eminent collector and field biologist of tropical regions of the 19th century, and his book The Malay Archipelago (which was Joseph Conrad’s favourite bedside reading) is one of the most celebrated travel writings of that century and has never been out of print. Wallace was a man with an extraordinary breadth of interests who was actively engaged with many of the big questions and important issues of his day. He was anti-slavery, anti-eugenics, anti-vivisection, anti-militarism, anti-Imperialism, a conservationist and an advocate of woman's rights. He strongly believed in the rights of the ordinary person, was a socialist, an anti-vaccinationist (for rational reasons), and a believer in naturalistic, evolutionary spiritualism. He did not come from a privileged background and was largely self-taught. For a brief biography see https://wallaceletters.myspecies.info/content/mini-biography
The Wallace Correspondence Project (WCP) was founded by George Beccaloni in 2010. Its aims are to locate, digitise, catalogue, transcribe, interpret and publish Wallace's surviving correspondence and other manuscripts. About 5,700 letters to and from Wallace are currently known to survive, and they are held by c. 240 institutions and individuals worldwide. Wallace's letters are a biographical treasure trove, which provides a far better picture of the 'real' Wallace than his heavily edited and censored published writings (e.g. his autobiography My Life (1905) and his letters in Marchant's Letters and Reminiscences (1916)). For example, Wallace never even mentions his wife's name (Annie) in any of his published writings, including his autobiography. The letters are also key to gaining a deeper understanding of his scientific and other work: how and why his ideas arose, and how they evolved over time.
The WCP is unlocking this valuable resource by gathering all the letters together for the first time, and transcribing them so that they can be more easily read and information within them discovered using electronic searches for words and phrases. The vast amount of unpublished information which is coming to light will surely form the basis for numerous articles, scholarly papers, PhD theses and perhaps the first definitive biography.
Epsilon is being used by the WCP's as its online archive of Wallace's correspondence. It replaces our previous archive, Wallace Letters Online, which was last updated in 2015. The process of editing the transcripts and associated metadata is a work in progress which will take many years to complete. Our project’s policy is, however, to make the information we have available to users at the earliest possible opportunity, even if it is incomplete and/or imperfect. For a guide to our data, including the protocols we use for metadata and transcriptions, please see https://wallaceletters.myspecies.info/content/epsilon
About struggle for existence. Fred Birch.
Comments on Poulton's work. Mentions special collection illustrating mimicry. About exchanging books and Fred Birch.
About advance of £5 from Poulton to Birch. Sending books to Poulton. Papers for travelling naturalist.
Sending photos of himself, and butterfly papers. Aru Islands and wak-wak birds.
Inscription on book and photo, not wanting to blot the photograph.
About Poulton's address, Darwin, Darwinism and Max Müller. Discusses ideas regarding fertility, variation and sexual selection.
About theory of mutation, which Americans are taking up in place of Lamarckism.
How Poulton has gathered facts proving the non-heredity of acquired characteristics. About collecting. Mentions Birch.
About the naturalist Fred Birch, who intends to go on a collecting expedition in the Amazon. Mentions Thayer and Birch's wife Mary. Details progress in his garden.
Has received a letter from Mr Kaye about his experiences collecting in British Guiana. Birch should change his arrangements and go to Iquitos.
Has signed certificate for Dr Dixey. Weather in Dorset.
Sending a cutting from the Daily News 16/707. Can Poulton get pupils and friends at Oxford who are acquainted with continental opinion to reply to the author of the cutting? Gossip about Birch's travels. Darwinism in America. W. H. Towers on evolution.
Glad that Poulton's new book on Evolution is nearly completed. Hopes it will do something to expose the fallacies of the "mutationists" and the "mendelians." Lock's book on Variation, Heredity and Evolution. Criticisms of theory of mutation, and comments on mendelism. More about Fred Birch.
No summary available.
Arrangements for visit from Poulton and his daughter. Fred Birch's address in Brazil.
Has read and corrected proofs of Poulton's work on Darwinism.
More on Poulton's book. ARW has paper coming out in Fortnightly which he expects will be attacked. ARW is finishing his book on Spruce.
Elaborates on his comments on the weakening of the argument in a chapter of Poulton's book. More about Fred Birch, whose daughter has just been born in Brazil.
ARW states that he will not assist with the election of Dr. Dixey to F.R.S, as he hasn't attended any meetings of the R.S. It would be an imposition to write to Lord Rayleigh on Dixey's behalf, as ARW does not know Lord Rayleigh.
It would be impossible and useless for ARW to promise any help and advice with Poulton's proposed periodical. Criticisms of the journal Nature. About his Royal Institution lecture. Has been ill.